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Ukraine russia war 202010/25/2023 Although the initial plan was objectively designed in the context of a discourse of stability and prosperity, it soon was reviewed and replaced by a strategy defined by resilience. As a result, security concerns have been prioritised on the EU’s agenda. Political developments, such as the Arab uprisings in the south, and the war in Ukraine in the east, have led some observers to argue that the EU is now surrounded by a “ring of fire”, rather than a “ring of friends” (Economist, 2014). Moreover, the international environment, notably in the EU’s neighbourhood, has changed significantly since the ENP was launched. Cooperation, notably in the field of security, has not progressed as much as envisaged in the ENP official documents (Kaunert and Léonard, 2011). More than two decades after the launch of the ENP, results have been mixed. Thus, one of the aims of the ENP has been to foster security cooperation. Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, and Tunisia) (Commission of the European Communities 2003: 4). Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine) and to the south of the EU (i.e. an area of political stability, security and economic prosperity, comprising the countries situated to the east (i.e. Since 2003, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) has sought to create a “ring of friends”, i.e. This provided a political opportunity that led to the accession of several Eastern European countries to the European Union between 20, particularly triggered by the desire to become key champions of stability and prosperity in the region. In the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the disintegration of the USSR, there were hopes for a bright future for a new Europe.
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